The Inevitability of Globalization Research Paper

Jessica Victim or Villian

Inside the substance of this exposition I will examine around two fundamental characters in this novel. Jessica and Shylock. Jessica being the little girl of Shylock with both after the Jewish religion. Anyway Jessica enthusiastically experiences passionate feelings for a Christian man Lorenzo, she is resolved and excited to be with this man. To such a degree, that she would leave her religion and her dad to turn into a Christian and follow her wants. Your likely be needing to discover more about these characters very much let me quickly disclose with respect to both of Shylock and Jessica’s characters. Right off the bat Jessica, she has an eager and stubborn character and like I recently referenced she is resolved so on the off chance that she needs something she will endeavor until she picks up what she needs. You can likewise see Jessica to be a modest unsure character who cares about others' opinion of her. Shylock from what we have accumulated from the book so far is a voracious, self-fixated man who minds a lot about his cash and acquires than the things which matter more. The things which more consideration ought to be paid to. In Shakespeare’s book and this specific one (The vendor of Venice) you will see that there are various methods of deciphering things various segments which can mean various things. In this assessment I will do that. I will be similarly assessing Jessica’s character and I will be deciphering the book in 2 unique manners a casualty and a miscreant. Furthermore, it will be dependent upon you to choose how you see it. The primary way which the crowd can decipher Jessica’s character is as a casualty. This is appeared in the book from various perspectives some of which are; the point at which it is said by Jessica ‘I might be a little girl to his blood, however I am not identified with his lifestyles’. This statement shows how Jessica is indicating how she is absolutely unmistakable to her dad and in spite of the fact that she is his little girl this doesn't imply that the two of them hold similar characteristics and qualities. Jessica wouldn't like to be identified with his ways of life as the statement makes reference to. This could be on the grounds that she despises the manner in which he treats others and the manner in which he is pernicious and malicious towards others. In any case, the crowd would most likely think he’s just underhandedness to them in light of the manner in which he is treated by others. Truly I would concur however it isn't just others he treats seriously, it is additionally his little girl. Moreover all through the sum we have perused so far there has been various occasions when Shylock has criticized his little girl and he has said ‘I would my girl be dead at my foot’. This is the statement that stood apart to me on the grounds that no dad could ever wish or state that they would need their girl dead at their foot. That plainly demonstrates how much love Shylock has for Jessica. (Not a great deal). What's more, when you feel this is something Jessica’s father has said behind his little girls back I fear to think what has been said up close and personal between them. So his conceited character makes Jessica the person in question, oneself - focused man who thinks such a great amount about his riches and silver overlooks the reality his little girl has proceeded to surrender him. In Act 3 Scene 3 when Shylock first finds that his girl has left with his riches his first affirmation in truth the principal sentence he says is ‘Oh,oh,oh! One of the taken precious stones cost me 2,000 ducats in Frankfurt! This is the thing that sort of man I have been clarifying in the over two sections one that is having a major craze over his riches and pretty much all the taken jewels and its high worth. This summarizes his cold childish character. Additionally the pressure of his voice in this can be envisioned. There are two shout checks so you can envision him talking in an exceptio nally serious estranged fearsome voice with terminating rage and simultaneously amazed that his little girl has taken his assets. In addition a similar translation of Jessica being appeared as a casualty. Anyway this time I won't allude the way Jessica has been ineffectively treated by Shylock I will allude an alternate point that being; that the cash the gems everything which her dad have would be acquired to his girl after his passing. So actually all which Jessica stole is all that is hers. So I don’t comprehend why Shylock was as enraged. As he knew it would be hers sometime yet it was simply sooner then he had anticipated. What's more, in view of this explanation I feel that it was faulty to state the thing he said about Jessica when she was qualified for what she has taken. What's more, now in the story we don’t know whether the gems had been taken. It could be seen that she had obtained from her to then return however we don’t know! So in light of the fact that the crowd don't have a clue and Shylock didn't realize I felt that it was extremely one-sided for us to Judge Jessica on that like Shylock did. Presently I am proceeding onward to the subsequent understanding, which is with respect to Jessica to be the miscreant which is another way which the crowd can see Jessica to be. Jessica can be depicted as a selfish, impolite character particularly towards her dad as she fled with his cash and Jewels which he endeavored to pick up. It was at that point hard enough for Shylock being a Jew and not having the option to accomplish cash as openly as others and Jessica completely dismissed this factor and went off with his cash. What's more, yes Shylock may have had his flaws however let’s be straightforward Jessica was very backstabbing breaking her father’s trust in the most noticeably terrible conceivable way. In the novel Shylock says ‘Listen to me Jessica lock my entryways up’ here Shylock unmistakably states to bolt the entryways and not to open them again she broke this trust and just as making the ways for connect with a Christian she at that point proceeded to take all his cash. This was a complete double-crossing of trust, and considering all she had done her dad was very sensible. Notwithstanding show Jessica’s insidious lowlife like character. I might want to call attention to how I feel Jessica overlooked the reality the Shylock was bringing her up all alone without a mother without any other individual he was bringing her up all alone. He dress her took care of her protected her gave her all that she potentially required and for what? For Jessica to change religion, take flee with a Christian man. Additionally she was extremely oblivious in regards to the comprehension of how the Christians despised him in light of their partiality towards his religion. They spat on him, kicked him, considered him a pooch. Furthermore, paying little heed to this rude treatment she left her dad to be disrespected all alone with no other protector close by. This was egocentric of her and she ought to be extremely embarrassed about what she has done to her dad. After he has accomplished such a great deal for her alone. Taking everything into account, I might want to address what I feel about Jessica’s character. I feel that Jessica was a miscreant she was absolutely deceptive to her dad. She was blinded from the real world and to see that he had been severely treated. In the event that it is that she did see and chose not to do anything then she was by and large absolutely childish and wanton. Yet, that is my assessment various individuals have various sentiments. Also the crowd could see Jessica to be either a miscreant or a casualty. There are similarly the same number of focuses for each indicating she is and isn't a reprobate. So it is thoroughly dependent upon the peruser to choose whether Shylocks covetous character made Jessica the person in question, or if Jessica’s disloyalty to her dad made her a scalawag. It’s up to you to choose, yet you may find that as you hear into the novel these thoughts may change.

Case Study Helicopter Retrieval To Small Regional Hospital Case Study

Case Study Helicopter Retrieval To Small Regional Hospital Case Study Case Study: Helicopter Retrieval To Small Regional Hospital â€" Case Study Example > The patient is not too sick to transfer, however the patient will require to be transported to the tertiary level hospital to receive the definitive management. In order to transport the patient, there will be need to provide the prehospital care to the patient which will be aimed at increasing chances of the patients survival before reaching the tertiary hospital for better management. The patient will be able to benefit from the prehospital management before he is transported to the hospital for the definitive management of myocardial ischaemia. The prehospital management of the patients condition(myocardial infarction) will be based on immediate offering of medical intervention since the loss of muscle cells starts to become irreversible in two hours after the infarction has occurred (Whitbread 2002,1967). The management will be aimed at the relieving of pain and the prevention of the occurrence of cardiac arrest. Early care of the patient will be much centered on the provision of reperfusion therapy to limit the infarct size and to prevent the extension as well as the expansion and treating of the immediate complications which include pump failure, shock and arrhythmias which are life threatening. The prevention of further infarction is also of importance and the reduction of the occlusion of the coronary artery on the myocardium. The initial diagnosis of myocardial infarction will be based on the chest pains, progressive dyspnea as well as the activation of the parasympathetic system which is characterized by the presence of hypotension (Bettencourt 2005, p. 874). Prehospital management of on the ground before the transportation of the patient will involve the relieving of pain. This will be done not only for humane reasons but because the pain will be associated with the sympathetic activation which will bring about the vasoconstriction which will eventually result in the increase of the amount of work of the heart. The pain will therefore be managed by the use of intravenous morphine. If the opioids fail to relive the pain, repeated doses will then be necessary or then the intravenous beta blockers or the nitrates will also be effective in the management of pain. Intramuscular injections should be avoided since their absorption will be unreliable and the site of injection might bleed when the patient will be offered the thrombolytic therapy. The antiemetics will be given concurrently with the Opioids. Opioids could induce respiratory depression, hypostatic hypotension and bradycardia or tachycardia and muscle spasm which might have the negative effects to the patient since they will aggravate the condition. Other risks of using the opioids would be the setting in of urinary incontinence (Bettencourt 2005, p. 874). Thrombolytic treatment is the cornerstone in the management of myocardial infarction. The aim of the therapy will be to complete and maintain the patency f the infacrted as well as the related arteries. The reperfu sion therapy will also go ahead to prevent the reduction of cardiac function as a result of the myocardium undergoing irreversible necrosis due to complete occlusion of the blood vessels. The management should begin immediately for this condition since the resultant ischemia will only be reversible within 3 to 6 hours. The choices of reperfusion therapies will range from the use of the percuteneuos transluminal coronary angioplasty, thrombolysis and coronary bypass graft surgery. The choice of the procedure to be used will be based on the patient’s condition, the location and the extent of the ischemic process. Coronary angioplasty in the first is divided into two, primary angioplasty and angioplasty which is combined with thrombolytic therapy. There will also be need to provide ventilation to the patient due to the saturation levels of oxygen in the blood being low. This should also be done because the patient is breathless and is having the features of heart failure or shock. T his will be aimed at addressing the need for perfusion of the various organs to prevent ischemia which would lead to necrosis on persisting. Thrombolytic therapy could lead to the patient developing hemorrhagic shock due to increased bleeding internally and this might affect the perfusion of various body organs and could result in end organ damage (McVaney 2005, p. 282).

Analysis Of Fahrenheit 451 Satire Of Censorship - 982 Words

Analyzing Themes in Fahrenheit 451: Satire of Censorship Institution/ University Name Instructor Course Date Analyzing Themes in Fahrenheit 451: Satire of Censorship Fahrenheit 451 is a novel that has widely used satire of censorship to depict the situation in the real world whereby human beings use censorship to hide whatever they find not pleasant to expose to the masses. Due to the idea of hiding some issues from the masses, much important information and the truth is hidden from the society. This paper will discuss how people use censorship to omit to expose all the information that dissatisfy them. The thesis statement is that, in the novel, Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury has highlighted different issues, but the most controversial issue is the oppressing social media about entertainment, technology, minds and culture that uses censorship to leave the citizens into the allegory of the cave. The media in Bradbury’s novel is one characterized by much control. In Bradbury’s world, books were burned, and the public had access to very little information. The government was able to mask what they felt would dissatisfy them. Therefore, it means that history has been turned to be whatever the media wants it to be. Free media is given the same liberties with the American government thus enabling the American government to manipulate history and information. To be precise, the media of nowadays censor anything they feel like and is in line with the media of Bradbury’s world andShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 By George Orwell1931 Words   |  8 Pages1950s, when society as a whole was threatened by the ideals of communism, censorship, and new invasive technology, authors were exploring a future when these specific fears came to pass. Related themes involving citizens losing certain freedoms were implemented into these novels which generated connections between these stories. In his novel, Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury describes a distant world in which the idea of censorship was exaggerated to such an extent that it was illegal for any literature

A Brief Note On The Race Bias Theory - 1280 Words

Psychology assessment 2 due Friday 6th February 2015 Ahmed Ali 14033164 Abstract Own race bias is the temperament to distinguish and individualise between the face of our own race more easily than faces of another race. The present study examined weather or not own race bias exists within our communities. The standard deviation (SD) for the number of black faces recalled for group 2 is 1.82574 and the SD of faces recalled from group 4 is 1.94936. The SD of white faces recalled for group 1 is 1.09545 and the SD number of faces recalled for group 3 is 1.30384 these results show own race bias was indeed present amongst these 20 youths. Introduction The own race bias theory is the temperament to distinguish and individualize between the face of one’s race more easily than faces of another race. This theory can explain why you may hear people saying another ethnic or racial group â€Å"all look alike†. 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Typical 360-Degree Feedback System Free Essays

360 – Degree Feedback This usually means an individual being rated by peers, supervisors and sometimes clients, as well as doing self-assessment. All indications are that 360-degree appraisal in one form or another is probable to be used more extensively – it is not some provisional fad. An example of a Traditional Feedback versus a 360 – Degree Feedback, you can see below. We will write a custom essay sample on Typical 360-Degree Feedback System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Basically you can see at the Traditional Feedback, there is only one direction Feedback, from Supervisor to Employee. On the other hand, there are a variety of canals of Feedback to employees. Typical 360-Degree feedback System The 360-Degree feedback system works with the following two ways: †¢The Questionnaire: This basically shows a series of statements about the â€Å"target† manager’s performance and efficiency, and frequently is linked to the key competencies described in an organisation. For example, if there are eight competencies thought to be pertinent to the organization, there might be somewhat like five to eight questions asked in relation to each of them. More or less there would be sixty questions. Some organizations mix all questions together; some group them under related capability direction. †¢The Raters: The focal manager (meaning the person on whom the feedback is being given), completes a self-rating while being rated by others. Many companies allow the individuals to decide who contributes to the rating procedure, according to who is in the best place to remark on their performance. Most often the number of raters scope between: three to twenty, depending on conditions. The Feedback process There are three major elements to this process: †¢First is the individual who collects the feedback †¢Second is the feedback report and how the data are represented within in it †¢Third is the supervisor in which this information is conveyed the focal manager The whole rating forms usually go either to a designed basis in HR or to an external expert; less often, they go to a senior manager. Whoever collects the data has the task to gather them in a form that will help the receiver. He/She has to combine the ratings and present an average â€Å"score†, on each competency, broken down by rating group (peers,etc), perhaps place the self-rating together with it. Provided that the numbers in each group are adequate, this preserves secrecy for the respondents. How to cite Typical 360-Degree Feedback System, Papers

Proper Waste Disposal Essay Example

Proper Waste Disposal Paper Very special thanks to my fellow classmates who have been readers to my research paper and who have pointed Out my mistakes. Would like to thank them for exchanging ideas with me and for helping me deal with the arduous publishing process of paper. I doubt that I wont be able to express my appreciation to them fully, but I owe them all my gratitude. I would also like to acknowledge my friends for being the ones who have motivated me to develop focus, as well as self confidence. Without their support and understanding, I would not have accomplished this research paper. Lastly, I must acknowledge my beloved teacher, Ms. Nancy Ramose, for being the greatest help would ever need in this research. Without her skills and assistance in writing this, wont be able to finish this research. And without her, this research wouldnt have been made possible. Abstract Improper ways of disposing are common nowadays. Therefore, researches about proper waste disposal and waste management are of great interest. This study shows how the collection, transport, processing, recycling, and monitoring of waste materials can be as important as can be. Its immediate objective is to inform the readers, the community, and the society about how properly disposing our waste materials can change lives. To come up with a research output, some books were used as a good source of materials and some people who worked for the governments waste management had been interviewed. We will write a custom essay sample on Proper Waste Disposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Proper Waste Disposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Proper Waste Disposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, observation of wastes all around Metro Manila had been done for a good source of evidence of whether or not people dispose their wastes properly. As a result, the knowledge of waste disposal will be imparted not just to any special figure or anyone who works for the government management, but also to any citizen, may it be a student or a teacher, or a parent or a child, just like you. L, therefore, conclude that it is important and beneficial for everyone to know how to dispose their wastes properly contribute to the improvement of our Mother Nature. Hopefully, this may be of good use to better understand how our wastes affect our atmosphere greatly. Introduction In the early pre-industrial times, wastes compose of ashes from fires, bones, bodies, and vegetable wastes. They are disposed underground( serve as compost and contribute to the soils improvement. But only amounts of ash, broken tools, and pottery were excavated by the archeological digs. Everything was repaired and reused and population smaller before. The change from nomadic hunter-gatherer to farmer that wastes could no longer be left behind. Because waste could no LLC left behind, it had become a big issue. Reusing and recycling became everyday routine since the industrial revolution, wherein materials be more available than labor. There was a reuse system of bronze scrap operation 4000 years ago in Europe where they discovered that com started in China. Reusing and recycling is widely recognized in the for salvage, the usual tradition until the Rag-and-Bone men. Conventional salvaged materials included leather, feathers, and textiles. Feeding eve wastes to farm animals is also considered as a form of recycling, and as using green wastes as fertilizers. Soon after, some activities for improvements Were done such as the melting down and re-casting of the salvaging of timber, etc. But as the populations in cities had incur space for disposal had decreased. And because of that, societies had developed waste disposal systems. Proper waste disposal reduces HTH of waste into the atmosphere by observing the proper methods of dif Because improper disposal of our wastes imposes cost on others, WA disposal has been a big political issue. Dirty disposal methods such a: dumping are big problems nowadays. Though the easiest among any method, it creates health risks for the public. Waste disposal was not observed and monitored properly; therefore, everyone must comply methods used in order to achieve environmental advantages. Achieve awareness in proper waste disposal is important to lessen the waste dispose improperly. Proper Waste Disposal Essay Example Proper Waste Disposal Paper Review of related literature While elements of disaster preparedness have long been a social adjustment to environmental hazards, both the art and science of disaster preparedness are relatively new courses of study in business, non-profit, government, and academic sectors (Fox, 2006). As with any new course of study, the beginnings of established practice will have inherent weaknesses and areas for improvement. To date, a multitude of issues that should be addressed by stakeholders have been introduced. Some of the issues pertain to 1 1 problems created by the theoretical aspects of disaster preparedness, while there relate to the practice and application. Some of these issues have been resolved, while others have been neglected or ignored. John Twig of Benefited Gregg Hazard Research Centre, University College London, presented eighteen disciplinary and institutional groups involved in disaster reduction during his presentation at the International Conference on Climate Change and Disaster Preparedness (2002). Each of these eighteen groups represents broad stakeholder classifications and can be further divided by disciplinary and institutional boundaries (Twig 2002). The many factions of independent researchers and stakeholders can complicate advancements where collaboration is an essential aspect. Cooperation and collaboration tends to lag when groups vie over limited available funding and strive to become the premier group of its respective area. Each discipline and organization involved takes its own approach to disaster preparedness, tailoring its metrics, data, works, and products to its specific needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Proper Waste Disposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Proper Waste Disposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Proper Waste Disposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In general, however, there is a lack of uniformity of data, which further decreases the potential for cooperation among the stakeholders. The lack of cross-compatibility also affects the consistency of the language, as functions are aligned with organizational needs (Circumscribe, 2002). Definitions are created that take on additional characteristics to make them more appealing to social, business, academic, or other groups. The variance in taxonomies makes it difficult to extract a particular topic, such as disaster preparedness, from the existing literature. Many authors use such terminology as disaster preparedness, hazard mitigation, and disaster reduction interchangeably where each term could be perceived as distinctive. Other 12 authors provide definitions that may suffice for one field, but would be monumentally inadequate in another. Examining the existing definitions of disaster preparedness demonstrates this point. The literature does not provide a definition Of disaster preparedness the way that a dictionary might. Instead, the literature states what disaster preparedness entails from the perspective of the authors. If taken literally, disaster preparedness would mean being satisfactorily prepared for a catastrophic event. However, a sufficient definition of disaster preparedness would also need to include ways in which persons and organizations can be satisfactorily prepared for such a circumstance. It is in this way that definitions of disaster preparedness can be extracted from the literature. Several authors touch on potential definitions of disaster preparedness. Many of the definitions contain a piece of the meaning, without stating precisely what disaster preparedness should contain wholly. Christofis, Mitchell, and Licensed emphasize the importance of including efficiency, effectiveness, and impact of disaster response as a central goal of disaster preparedness (2001 The development of local response, such as early warning systems, is also a central part of assister preparedness (Integrated Regional Information Networks, 2005). McIntyre, Twig, and the United Nations Development Programmer all have definitions with similar attributes, but add their own spin on disaster preparedness. The United Nations Development Programmer views hazard mitigation as a core resource of disaster preparedness, but also includes planning in its descriptions (2004). McIntyre and Twig also view hazard mitigation as critical to disaster preparedness, stating that it should either coincide with disaster preparedness or be a part of it (McIntyre, 2003 and 13 Twig, 2002). McIntyre continues by addresses other factors that may define disaster preparedness: it is a function of local government and it includes hazard and vulnerability assessments. Other elements of disaster preparedness are less emphasized in the literature, but equally as important. Caddish and Hussein stress education as one of the best media to prepare a community for disasters (2005). Individual levels of disaster preparedness are also discussed. This level includes preparing households through such means as emergency plans, securing heavy furniture to walls, and storing DOD, and through building inventories of stored food and equipment (Paton, Smith, Johnston, 2003 and Assemblies, 2001 ). When examining the examples of what disaster preparedness entails according to the above authors and organizations, it becomes evident that the definition of disaster preparedness is loose and evolving. Disaster preparedness involves preparedness on personal, community, and national levels; it includes elements of both a private and public nature; and it is intertwined with hazard mitigation and vulnerability and requires each to be accurately assessed. The inextricably of the terminology, as well as the lack of a common vocabulary among professions, is another Of the great challenges facing policy makers. Several attempts have been made at creating universal definitions for the various terms of hazard research, but the lack of cooperation in and among the varying fields has thwarted these attempts. In addition, the general acceptance of using the terms interchangeably has discouraged further efforts to separate the terms different meanings. The terminology of hazards research remains confusing and vague. Without agreement on the definitions, 14 assister preparedness study and experimentation will remain relatively unproductive (Gillespie Street, 1987). The development of an emergency management planning model of wide applicability is another issue that should be addressed by the disaster preparedness community. The premier models of emergency planning began from military models of command and control designed to handle enemy attacks and other non-civilian emergencies (Dynes, 1994). More recently, empirical and pragmatic models of emergency planning for civilian emergencies have been developed, but none of them have been accepted wholesale by the disaster preparedness immunity. Emergency planning paradigms for disaster resistant communities, disaster resilient communities, sustainable development, and sustainable hazard mitigation have provided stepping stones for a comprehensive emergency management plan (McIntyre, Fuller, Johnston, Weber, 2002). The preceding brings to light some of the pressing problems with the theoretical development of disaster preparedness and disaster preparedness community synthesis. The aforementioned issues are not an exhaustive list of issues in the development of disaster preparedness theory, but do highlight securing themes in the literature. The following set of issues emphasize the problems associated with disaster preparedness policy and practice. Rapid arbitration is the center of several pressing issues in the practice of disaster preparedness. Several sources have noted the decennial increases in city populations, not only in the United States, but globally. One needs only observe the mega-city phenomenon of the last century to understand current population trends. City 15 growth is consistently on the rise in both developed and developing countries, and often in risk prone locations. The world is quickly becoming more urban (Boil, overlooks, palm, 1997). Urban areas are attractive because they offer their inhabitants many benefits not available in non-urban areas: accessible medical facilities, markets, public transportation, various types of employment, and a variety of people and experiences. These benefits draw people to cities, creating greater urban densities, and inadvertently making them more hazardous places to live. The sheer population, masses of infrastructure, and material assets of an urban area provide increasing opportunities for common natural events to eave disastrous consequences (Munich Re Group, 2004). Urban areas place a large number of people, infrastructure, and capital enterprises into a small geographic area, increasing the potential for an ordinary natural event to become one that is exceedingly large and costly. In addition to hosting large populations, complex infrastructure, and large capital enterprises, urban areas are generally the regional centers of politics, economics, and technology. As financial leaders, urban areas often develop complex market relationships with other urban areas around the world. Thus, if an urban area is affected by a disaster, adjacent urban areas also suffer. The complex relationships between urban centers and its partners can cost billions of dollars in lost business, damaged products, delayed transactions, and missed work hours, in addition to the direct damages to people and infrastructure. Therefore, when urban areas are adversely affected by natural disasters, there are internal and external costs that can have global consequences. Another problem is that the plight of urban areas is so noticeable and affects so many people that it draws attention from smaller, non-urban populations. The majority of 16 he time and effort in disaster preparedness is focused on solving preparedness issues for urban areas, leaving those who choose to remain in non-urban areas more vulnerable. Non-urban areas, although smaller in size, population, and infrastructure, lack the resiliency to recover when a disaster strikes. The lack of available assets, resources, and capital can make it very difficult for a non-urban area to recover from even isolated natural events. While urban areas present many problems for the disaster preparedness community, there are other issues that should be addressed. An additional policy and practice issue is identifying and protecting vulnerable populations. Corgis and Emerson define vulnerability as A condition wherein human settlements or buildings are threatened by virtue of their proximity to a hazard, the quality of their construction, or both. Degree of loss (from O percent to 1 00 percent) resulting from a potential damaging phenomenon. The ability to correctly identify vulnerable population locations, characteristics, and special needs is a central issue in disaster preparedness. A discussion of vulnerable populations is difficult because, to some degree, all populations are vulnerable. However, there are certain factors that can be identified as playing a critical role in creating vulnerable populations. The following will examine what we know about vulnerable populations and what we can do to improve preparedness for vulnerable populations. Each individual within a population is made vulnerable by a variety of personal factors, some of which cannot be controlled and some of which may be controlled. There are several factors that contribute to vulnerability that cannot be controlled. For example, the age of an individual is an uncontrollable potential vulnerability. Those persons that are young and elderly have a higher vulnerability than those who are middle-aged adults 17 (the phrase middle-aged adults suggests those people that are neither young nor elderly, but are in-between such life stages). Young and old people may not be as mentally capable of processing information as middle-aged adults, as strong as middle-aged adults, and may be completely or partially dependent on middle-aged adults to care for them. Mentally or physically handicapped persons are more vulnerable than persons in good mental and physical health. The mentally and physically handicapped have special acquirement and needs that may require another person to help them when those requirements and needs are not accessible. In addition to those uncontrollable personal vulnerability factors, there are factors that may be controllable that can make an individual vulnerable. For example, a lack of preparation for disasters can make a person more vulnerable than those that have prepared. Saving cash, storing clean water, creating food and tool caches, and developing emergency plans on an individual level all contribute to reducing a persons vulnerability to disaster. Furthering education as much as possible also reduces a persons limitability. The more highly educated a person is, the less vulnerable they become. Improving physical fitness is also an excellent way to reduce a persons vulnerability. In most instances, a person has some degree Of control over these issues, although they can be restricted. This is why these vulnerability factors may be controllable for some, but not for others. Identifying other factors that contribute to vulnerable populations requires examining socio-economic status, location, and social structure. Perhaps the most condemning vulnerability causing factor is socio-economic status. This can be viewed in one of two ways; as a characteristic of a population or as 18 characteristic of a nation. Socio-economic status as a characteristic of a population creates vulnerability in the poor faction of the population. Vulnerability in poor populations manifests in several ways. First, poor populations do not have the financial support that the wealthy do, making it more difficult for them to prepare for, endure, and recover from disaster. Access to assets and entitlements in a pre and post disaster situation are critical to preparation for the disaster, protecting self and property, and in covering from disaster. The availability of cash and savings, as well as access to entitlements such as insurance, stocks, and bonds, is often reserved for those who can afford them. Poor populations are often excluded from assets and entitlements because they lack the capacity to gain them. Therefore, the losses incurred as a result of a disaster can be absolute losses for poor populations. Second, poor populations often locate in unsafe areas. Some poor populations locate on ancestral grounds that are prone to a particular disaster, but refuse to move because of the connection to their heritage. Other poor populations locate in or on floodplains, riverbanks, Steep slopes, reclaimed land, and highly populated settlements of flimsy shanty towns (Corgis Emerson). In some cases, such as locating on ancestral lands, the population chooses to live in a more vulnerable area. In other cases, the poor locate where they do because they are claiming the cheaper lands that the more wealthy population has discarded. And still in other cases, the poor are forced to live in a particular area by inability to afford to move or by force. Whether by choice, lack of choice, or by force, poor populations typically live n areas that are more prone to disaster. The lands that are readily available to them are the lands that belong to them by 19 ancestral rite and the lands that people with a choice have not chosen; these are the lands that flood, easily erode, are toxic, are dangerous to live on, etc. Third, poor populations lack the resources to construct safe buildings and living structures. Many poor peoples homes are made out of such flimsy materials as mud, sticks, cardboard, plastic (or variant of plastic) paneling thin sheet metal, and paper. Such materials lack the quality necessary to withstand disasters and to protect the people within them. Socio-economic status as a characteristic of a nation creates further population vulnerabilities. The economic inequality between industrialized and developing countries has proven to be one method of demonstrating the effects of poverty on disaster impact. In fact, According to a statement by the relief organization Tearful, ninety-eight percent of those killed and affected by natural disasters come from developing countries, underlining the link between poverty and vulnerability (Corgis Emerson). A few problems in developing countries cause vulnerability to develop. First, over half the population in many developing countries is under the age of eighteen years old (Caddish Hussein, 2005). The lack of experience of such youthful populations, as well as adult dependence in some cases, makes these populations more vulnerable to disasters. Second, the fragile infrastructure of developing countries and the inability to support disaster preparedness projects financially also takes a toll on developing nations. Even disasters of a low magnitude can have extreme effects on ill prepared countries (Corgis Emerson). Lastly, developing countries contain a disproportionate number of concentrically challenged populations. All of the problems associated with these 20 populations, as previously discussed, further hinder the capacity of developing countries to reduce vulnerability. Another factor that contributes to vulnerability is location. By virtue of the proximity to certain known hazards, some countries are made more vulnerable than others. The physical layout of a settlement or country is a very important factor in determining its vulnerability. For example, countries located along the ocean are more prone to hurricanes, typhoons, tsunamis, and costal flooding than inland countries. Developments created along rivers area more vulnerable to floods and erosion. Places along the Ring of Fire can expect earthquakes to happen more frequently. Countries in the extreme north and extreme south are likely to have severe winter storms and heavy ice. By choosing to develop in areas with poor physical surroundings, populations can be made more vulnerable to hazards. Location also has an impact on vulnerability when applied to urban areas. Urban areas present a large part of the vulnerability stemming from location. Boll, Overlooks, and Palm examine nine points that make urban areas more alienable to disasters: hazardous exposure of the location, economic and political relevance, physical vulnerability, urban management capacity, dependence on infrastructure, density of the population, poverty, informal settlements, and ecological imbalance (1997). Each of these nine points is examined in-depth in their article Vulnerability Reduction for Sustainable Urban Development. The purpose of presenting these nine points is to emphasize that urban areas create vulnerability in a variety of ways; environment, development, and colonization all impact the vulnerability associated with urban areas. 1 Social structure also contributes to population vulnerability. The structure of a society can heavily influence vulnerable populations, either unintentionally or systematically. In one instance, reasonable thinking assumes that time and money will be well spent on identifying the disaster preparedness needs of the most people possible. Therefore, the majority population receives the most attention by the policy community and practitioners of disaster preparedness. However, this leads to inadequacies in protecting the minority populations, which usually need the most help. This diversion of resources awards the majority has unintentionally created a greater vulnerability in the minorities. In disaster planning, one often finds that those populations with the least social, political, and economic influence are the populations in the most danger when disasters occur (Wisher, Blaine, Cannon, Davis, 2003). In other cases, small factions of a population may be the population with the most political influence, economic power, or the population with the greatest social networks. In such circumstances, valuable disaster preparedness resources may be diverted away from the majority population and towards the more rueful few. In this way, the social structure has systematically excluded a population, enhancing their vulnerability. The preceding are two ways that vulnerable populations are created by the social system that surrounds them. Time, resources, and money are all used to reduce vulnerability to disasters. However, it is often the social system that dictates where time, resources, and money should be utilized. Therefore, a social system that is exclusive and constructed poorly may be more apt to create population vulnerability than a social system that is inclusive and well- constructed. The last major issue that should be highlighted as a policy and practice issue is convincing those with policy-making capabilities of the benefits of disaster preparedness. This has proven to be an exhausting task for the disaster preparedness community. Many reasons underlie this difficulty, some of which relate to internal disaster preparedness community problems already addressed. However, the primary difficulty in convincing policymakers that disaster preparedness works is that, like hazard mitigation, one is attempting to measure the absence of an event. In order to convince policymakers that disaster preparedness works, it would acclimate the process if one could show just how it has worked. Yet, if disaster preparedness has worked, nothing noteworthy should have happened. Proving the absence of an event is often difficult because the factual basis for the absence of an event requires years of observation. Estimates of saved lives, saved properties, and saved monies have been produced, but none can be guaranteed as necessary to convince policymakers of the immediacy of action. The disaster preparedness community can demonstrate the success of drills and provide written plans, but none will accurately demonstrate the emulative effectiveness of these measures. Convincing the policy makers to act on recommendations from the disaster preparedness community is crucial to the success of disaster preparedness. Disaster preparedness is a multi-disciplinary activity, but the most implementation takes place at the local governmental unit. Disaster preparedness occurs on both a horizontal and vertical plane (Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, 2005). Horizontally, it requires the cooperation and integration of public services, healthcare centers, emergency management, academic, and public, not-for-profit, and private enterprises. Vertically, it 23 requires the cooperation of all levels of organizations and all levels of government (Institute, 2005). The permanence of government in the disaster preparedness equation means that the disaster preparedness community needs the policy-making community in order to be effective. Therefore, it is critical for actors in the disaster preparedness community to unite and collaborate to adequately measure disaster preparedness. Once consensus is reached on the measurement, then the findings can be presented to policymakers, who can in turn move it toward an enforceable directive. Thus far, the underlying theories and best practices have been addressed, the metrics available to disaster preparedness practitioners have been discussed, and a discussion of the issues from different aspects of disaster preparedness has been developed. Each of the preceding sections served to form a picture of the current state of disaster preparedness from which stakeholders can move forward.

Ancient Persian Rulers Timeline (Modern Iran)

Ancient Persian Rulers Timeline (Modern Iran) In ancient history, there were 3 main dynasties that controlled ancient Persia, a western name for the area that is modern Iran: Achaemenids, Parthians, and Sasanids. There was also a period when the Hellenistic Macedonian and Greek successors of Alexander the Great, known as Seleucids, ruled Persia. Early mention of the area is from Assyria c. 835 B.C., when the Medes occupied the Zagros Mountains. The Medes gained control of an area extending from the Zagros Mountains to include Persis, Armenia, and eastern Anatolia. In 612, they captured the Assyrian city of Ninevah. Here are the rulers of ancient Persia, by dynasty, based on Dynasties of the World, by John E. Morby; Oxford University Press, 2002. Achaemenid Dynasty 559-530 - Cyrus the Great529-522 - Cambyses (son)522 - Smerdis (Bardiya) (brother)521-486 - Darius I, the Great485-465 - Xerxes I (son)464-424 - Artaxerxes I, Longimanus (son)424 - Xerxes II (son)424 - Sogdianus (brother)423-405 - Darius II, Nothus (brother)404-359 - Artaxerxes II, Mnemon (son)358-338 - Artaxerxes III (Ochus) (son)337-336 - Artaxerxes IV ( Arses) (son)335-330 - Darius III (Codomannus) (great-grandson of Darius II) Macedonian Conquest of the Persian Empire 330 Seleucids 305-281 B.C. - Seleucus I Nicator281-261 - Antiochus I Soter261-246 - Antiochus II Theos246-225 - Seleucus II Callinicus Parthian Empire - Arsacid Dynasty 247-211 - Arsaces I (conquered Parthia c. 238)211-191 - Arsaces II (son)191-176 - Priapatius (son)176-171 - Phraates I (son)171-138 - Mithridates I (brother)138-128 - Phraates II (son)128-123 - Artabanus I (son of Priapatius)123-87 - Mithridates II, the Great (son)90-80 - Gotarzes I80-77 - Orodes I77-70 - Sinatruces70-57 - Phraates III (son)57-54 - Mithridates III (son)57-38 - Orodes II (brother)38-2 - Phraates IV (son)2-AD 4 - Phraates V (son)4-7 - Orodes III7-12 - Vonones I (son of Phraates IV)12-38 - Artabanus II38-45 - Vardanes I (son)45-51 - Gotarzes II (brother)51 - Vonones II51-78 - Vologases I (son or brother)55-58 - Vardanes II77-80 - Vologases II78-110 - Pacorus (son of Vologases I)80-90 - Artabanus III (brother)109-129 - Osroes112-147 - Vologases III129-147 - Mithridates IV147-191 - Vologases IV191-208 - Vologases V (son)208-222 - Vologases VI (son)213-224 - Artabanus IV (brother) Sasanid Dynasty 224-241 - Ardashir I241-272 - Shapur I (son; co-regent 240)272-273 - Hormizd I (son)273-276 - Bahram I (brother)276-293 - Bahram II (son)293 - Bahram III (son; deposed)293-302 - Narseh (son of Shapur I)302-309 - Hormizd II (son)310-379 - Shapur II (son)379-383 - Ardashir II (nephew)383-388 - Shapur III (son of Shapur II)388-399 - Bahram IV (son)399-420 - Yazdgard I (son)420-438 - Bahram V, the Wild Ass (son)438-457 - Yazdgard II (son)457-459 - Hormizd III (son)459-484 - Peroz I (brother)484-488 - Balash (brother)488-497 - Kavad I (son of Peroz; deposed)497-499 - Zamasp (brother)499-531 - Kavad I (restored)531-579 - Khusrau I, Anushirvan (son)579-590 - Hormizd IV (son; deposed)590-591 - Bahram VI, Chbn (usurper; deposed)590-628 - Khusrau II, the Victorious (son of Hormizd IV; deposed and died 628)628 - Kavad II, Shiroe (son)628-630 - Ardashir III (son)630 - Shahrbaraz (usurper)630-631 - Boran (daughter of Khusrau II)631 - Peroz II (cousin)631-632 - Azarmedukht (daughter of Khusrau II) 632-651 - Yazdgard III (nephew) 651 - Arab Conquest of the Sasanid Empire At the end of the ancient period, war with Heraclius of the Byzantine Empire weakened the Persians enough that the Arabs gained control.

The Dobzhansky-Muller Model

The Dobzhansky-Muller Model The Dobzhansky-Muller Model is a scientific explanation of why natural selection influences speciation in such a way that when hybridization occurs between species, the resulting offspring is genetically incompatible with other members of its species of origin. This occurs because there are several ways that speciation occurs in the natural world, one of which is that a common ancestor can break off into many lineages due to reproductive isolations of certain populations or parts of populations of that species. In this scenario, the genetic makeup of those lineages changes over time through mutations and natural selection choosing the most favorable adaptations for survival. Once the species have diverged, many times they are no longer compatible and can no longer sexually reproduce with each other. The natural world has both prezygotic and postzygotic isolation mechanisms that keep species from interbreeding and producing hybrids, and the Dobzhansky-Muller Model helps to explain how this occurs through the exchange of unique, new alleles and chromosomal  mutations. A New Explanation for Alleles Theodosius Dobzhansky and Hermann Joseph Muller created a model to explain how new alleles arise and are passed down in the newly formed species. Theoretically, an individual that would have a mutation at the chromosomal level would not be able to reproduce with any other individual. The Dobzhansky-Muller Model attempts to theorize how a brand new lineage can arise if there is only one individual with that mutation; in their model, a new allele arises and becomes fixed at one point. In the other now diverged lineage, a different allele arises at a different point on the gene. The two diverged species are now incompatible with each other because they have two alleles that have never been together in the same population. This changes the proteins that are produced during transcription and translation, which could make the hybrid offspring sexually incompatible; however, each lineage can still hypothetically reproduce with the ancestral population, but if these new mutations in the lineages are advantageous, eventually they will become permanent alleles in each population- when this occurs, the ancestral population has successfully split into two new species. Further Explanation of Hybridization The Dobzhansky-Muller Model is also able to explain how this may happen at a large level with whole chromosomes. It is possible that over time during evolution, two smaller chromosomes may undergo centric fusion and become one large chromosome. If this happens, the new lineage with the larger chromosomes is no longer compatible with the other lineage and hybrids cannot happen. What this essentially means is that if two identical yet isolated populations start with a genotype of AABB, but the first group evolves to aaBB and the second to AAbb, meaning that if they crossbreed to form a hybrid, the combination of a and b or A and B occurs for the first time in the populations history, making this hybridized offspring unviable with its ancestors. The Dobzhansky-Muller Model states that incompatibility, then, is most likely caused by whats known as alternative fixation of two or more populations instead of just one and that the hybridization process yields a co-occurrence of alleles in the same individual that is genetically unique and incompatible with others of the same species.

Drug trafficking analysis in UAE Thesis Proposal

Drug trafficking analysis in UAE - Thesis Proposal Example Financial cost on society and individuals is one of the significant problems of drug abuse. For example, in 2002, drug related cost was estimated at $180.9 billion consisting of various costs of health care and loss of labor according to the national drug control policy office. In 2004, it took US$3 million to set up a sub-office on drugs and crime in the UAE. UAE has been the target by exceptionally determined criminals who have access to adequate capital and labor to produce and smuggle voluminous amount of prohibited substances. Drugs originate from south Asia and pass through the emirates to Europe and North America, the heavy consumers (Shindagah, 1998). States in the gulf remain key destination markets for opium and psychotropic substances. Other countries such as Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iran continue to be the hotspots for drug manufacturing as indicated by international narcotic control board report (Reinil, 2009). Narcotics are the most trafficked drugs in UAE and are estimated to be worth US$500billion annually, according to Sherman and Tree (2010). This amount is estimated to be double that of the automobile industry (Scott, 2005) Ports are the most notorious places and foremost hotspots and avenues of drug trafficking due to the voluminous imports received daily, with Small scale dealers mostly caught at airports. The commonly used tactic of drug trafficking continues to be through the internal human body carriage. However, smugglers are always changing their tactics and the current trend as indicated by Reinil (2009) is the use of Christmas cards. One of the biggest tasks is to prevent the flow of heroin from Afghanistan, which produces 90 per cent of the worlds supply. According to Jamieson and Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism (1990), most of the drugs grown in Afghanistan pass through the emirates before being shipped to their final destinations. There is a rising use of

Responding to Global Warming Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Responding to Global Warming - Term Paper Example The political factors have an enormous power over the regulations governing the retail business along with the control on the spending power of the consumer, the control over monopoly of a single large retailer in the market and the availability of such retail services to most customers situated across the country. The following issues or political factors can be looked upon as either threat or opportunity for Tesco in the next ten years: Stability of the political environment –Threat and Opportunity - A government in power will formalize rules governing the business of Tesco and the influence that Tesco will have over a government, as an environmentally friendly business. Government’s position on marketing ethics– Threat and Opportunity – The rules laid down by the government to make a business more environmentally friendly will have a profound effect on the money spent to be more environmentally compliant. However, this would also ensure that Tesco gains advantage by advertising its efforts to help global warming cause through advertisements and thus, gain popularity. Trading agreement of Tesco with other countries – Threat – Given the global nature of Tesco’s business, the different laws laid down by different Governments such as EU, NAFTA, ASEAN etc, can hamper the uniformity of Tesco’s policies for being environmentally friendly. The economic factors are the most vital ingredient for the success of a business. Marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy in the short and long terms, especially for planning international marketing. The issues of interest rates, a rate of inflation, employment level per capita, the long-term prospects for the economy Gross Domestic product per capita, etc, can all affect the revenue of a company and thus the budgetary allocation on adopting environmental friendly methods of business. Thus, the economic factors can be looked upon as threats and as well as opportunities.

Defeated Hope in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men :: Steinbeck Of Mice and Men Essays

Defeated Hope in Of Mice and Men When discussing the thematics of Steinbeck's novel, we would do well to first examine the title, which is an allusion to a line of Robert Burns, a Scottish poet: "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men gang aft aglay." Translated into modern English, the verse reads: "The best laid schemes of mice and men often go awry." This cynical statement is at the heart of the novel's action and serves as a foreshadowing prophecy of all that is to come. For, indeed, the novels two main characters do have a scheme, a specific dream of changing their current way of life in order to have their own place and work only for themselves. The tragedy, of course, lies in the fact that no matter how elaborately our heroes plan, regardless of how intensely they hope and dream, their plan does not find fulfillment. This is a novel of defeated hope and the harsh reality of the American Dream. George and Lennie are poor homeless migrant workers, doomed to a life of wandering and toil in which they are never able to reap the fruits of their labor. Their desires may not seem so unfamiliar to any other American: a place of their own, the opportunity to work for themselves and harvest what they sow with no one to take anything from them or give them orders. George and Lennie desperately cling to the notion that they are different from other workers who drift from ranch to ranch because, unlike the others, they have a future and each other. But characters like Crooks and Curley's wife serve as reminders that George and Lennie are no different from anyone who wants something of his or her own. All the characters (all the ones that Steinbeck has developed, at least) wish to change their lives in some fashion, but none are capable of doing so; they all have dreams, and it is only the dream that varies from person to person. Curley's wife has already had her dream of being an actress pass her by and now must live a life of empty hope. Crooks' situation hints at a much deeper oppression than that of the white worker in America-the oppression of the black people. Through Crooks, Steinbeck exposes the bitterness, the anger, and the helplessness of the black American who struggles to be recognized as a human being, let alone have a place of his own. Defeated Hope in John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men :: Steinbeck Of Mice and Men Essays Defeated Hope in Of Mice and Men When discussing the thematics of Steinbeck's novel, we would do well to first examine the title, which is an allusion to a line of Robert Burns, a Scottish poet: "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men gang aft aglay." Translated into modern English, the verse reads: "The best laid schemes of mice and men often go awry." This cynical statement is at the heart of the novel's action and serves as a foreshadowing prophecy of all that is to come. For, indeed, the novels two main characters do have a scheme, a specific dream of changing their current way of life in order to have their own place and work only for themselves. The tragedy, of course, lies in the fact that no matter how elaborately our heroes plan, regardless of how intensely they hope and dream, their plan does not find fulfillment. This is a novel of defeated hope and the harsh reality of the American Dream. George and Lennie are poor homeless migrant workers, doomed to a life of wandering and toil in which they are never able to reap the fruits of their labor. Their desires may not seem so unfamiliar to any other American: a place of their own, the opportunity to work for themselves and harvest what they sow with no one to take anything from them or give them orders. George and Lennie desperately cling to the notion that they are different from other workers who drift from ranch to ranch because, unlike the others, they have a future and each other. But characters like Crooks and Curley's wife serve as reminders that George and Lennie are no different from anyone who wants something of his or her own. All the characters (all the ones that Steinbeck has developed, at least) wish to change their lives in some fashion, but none are capable of doing so; they all have dreams, and it is only the dream that varies from person to person. Curley's wife has already had her dream of being an actress pass her by and now must live a life of empty hope. Crooks' situation hints at a much deeper oppression than that of the white worker in America-the oppression of the black people. Through Crooks, Steinbeck exposes the bitterness, the anger, and the helplessness of the black American who struggles to be recognized as a human being, let alone have a place of his own.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Essay

Comprehensive Agrarian ReformPresentation Transcript 1. The 1987 Philippine Constitution 2. Article 13Social Justice and Human Rights(R.A. 6657-Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program) 3. Constitution of the Philippines the supreme law of the Philippines democratic and republican State enacted in 1987, during the administration of President Corazon Aquino, and is popularly known as the â€Å"1987 Constitution†. The Constitution is divided into 18 parts, excluding the Preamble, which are called Articles. 4. Social Justice and Human Rights refers to the idea of creating a society or institution that is based on the principles of equality and solidarity, that understands and values human rights, and that recognizes the dignity of every human being. based on the concepts of human rights and equality and involves a greater degree of economic egalitarianism through progressive taxation, income redistribution, or even property redistribution. 5. Aim to achieve what developmental economists refer to as moreequality of opportunity than may currently exist in some societies. to manufacture equality of outcome in cases where incidental inequalities appear in a procedurally just system. 6. PreambleWe, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. 7. Article XIII – Social Justice and Human Rights Labor Agrarian and Natural Resources Reform Urban Land Reform and Housing Health Women Role and Rights of People’s Organizations Human Rights 8. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program a Philippine state policy that ensures and promotes welfare of landless farmers and farm workers, as well as elevation of social justice and equity among rural areas. CARP was established by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (CARL). aimed for a nation with equitable land ownership and empowered agrarian reform beneficiaries while, at least, improving social lives. enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines and signed by Aquino on June 10, 1988. 9. Objective To successfully devise land reform in Philippines. To improve the economic and social status of the beneficiaries  of land reform in Philippines. 10. Objectives of Agrarian Reform – Political to put an end to conflicts pertaining to land ownership. to bring about harmony between the rural people and the urban residents. bringing stability in the political set up of the country.Objective of Agrarian Reform – Social bringing about equality in terms of opportunities, income as well as wealth. 11. Objectives of Agrarian Reform – Economic Enhancing agricultural production Enhancing agricultural productivity Bettering capital formation Providing employment to more agricultural workers Enhancing demand for raw materials and services Improving balance of payments by facilitating export activitiesTrying to increase production at home so that imports do not have to be relied upon. Enhancing cooperation as well as regulation between agricultural sector and the non agricultural sector. 12. CARP Major Feature It provides for the coverage of all agricultural lands regardless of cropsproduced or tenurial status of the tiller; It recognizes as beneficiaries of the program all workers in the land giventhat they are landless and willing to till the land; It provides for the delivery of support services to program beneficiaries; It provides for arrangements that ensure the tenurial security of farmersand farm workers such as the leasehold arrangement, stock distributionoption and production and profit sharing; and It creates an adjudication body that will resolve agrarian disputes. 13. R.A. 6657 Beneficiaries all agricultural lesseesshare tenants regardless: cropsregular farm workersseasonal farm workersother farm workers farmer’s organization cooperatives agricultural graduatesrural womenveterans and relatives of enlisted men and womenretirees of the AFP and the Integrated National Policerebel returnees and surrenderees 14. Qualifications of an Agrarian Reform Beneficiariesa. be landless;b. be at least 15 years old or head of the family at the time the property was transferred in the name of the Republic of the Philippines; andc. have the willingness, ability and aptitude to cultivate the land and make it as productive as possible. (Sec. 23, RA 6657)Note: Items (b) and (c) above are meant to ensure that the recipients of the land will judiciously use it and make it a productive agricultural land 15. Components of CARP Land Tenure ImprovementProgram Beneficiaries DevelopmentAgrarian Justice Delivery 16. Principles of CARPhighest consideration to the welfare of the landless farmers and farm workers due regard to the rights of landowners to  just compensation recognition of the rights of farmers, farm workers, landowners, cooperatives, and other independent organizations to participate in the planning, organization, and management of CARP provision of support to agriculture through appropriate technology and research provision of adequate financial, production, marketing, and other support services 17. CARP IMPLEMENTING AGENCIESDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Department of Agriculture (DA) Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) Land Registration Authority (LRA) Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) National Irrigation Authority (NIA) Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Department of Labor and Employment – Bureau of Rural Workers (DOLE-BRW) 18. Scope of CARP The ownership or control of about 10.3 million hectares of agricultural land, representing about one-third of the total land area of the Philippines, shall be transferred over a ten year period to an estimated 3.9 million beneficiaries. 19. Lands Covered by CARPall alienable and disposable lands of the public domain devoted to or suitable to agriculture;all lands of the public domain in excess of the specific limits as determined by Congress;all other lands owned by the government devoted to or suitable to agriculture; and all private lands devoted to or suitable to agriculture regardless of the agricultural products raised or that can be raised therein. (Section 4, RA 6657) 20. Lands Not Covered by CARPthose which are not suitable for agriculture, and those which are classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land;those which have been classified and approved as non-agricultural prior to 15 June 1988 as ruled under Department of Justice Opinion No. 44, Series of 1990;those which are exempt pursuant to Sec. 10, RA 6657; those which are devoted to poultry, swine, or livestock raising as of June 15, 1988 pursuant to the Supreme Court ruling on Luz Farms vs. The Honorable Secretary of Agrarian Reform (G.R. No. 86339, 4 December 1990); andthose which are retained by the landowner (not covered insofar as land acquisition and distribution but covered with respect to other provisions, particularly leasehold) 21. Lands Exempted by CARP Coverage Lands actually, directly, and exclusively used and found to be necessary for parks, wildlife, forest reserves, reforestation, fish sanctuaries and breeding grounds, watersheds and mangroves, national defense, school sites and campuses including experimental farm stations operated by public or private schools for  education purposes, seeds and seedlings research and pilot production centers, church sites and convents appurtenant thereto, mosque sites and Islamic centers appurtenant thereto, communal burial grounds and cemeteries, penal colonies and penal farms actually worked by the inmates, and government and private research and quarantine centers; and Lands with eighteen percent (18%) slope and over, except those already developed as of 15 June 1988. (Sec. 10, RA 6657) 22. Proof of Ownership given to Beneficiariesa. Emancipation Patents (EPs) for OLT lands;b. Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOAs) for CA, VOS, and EO 407 lands, resettlement areas and landed estates; andc. Free Patents for public lands.Note: Beneficiaries of the Integrated Social Forestry Program covering agro-forestry public lands whose ownership cannot be transferred, received Certificates of Stewardship Contract (CSCs) which are good for 25 years, renewable for another 25 years. 23. Department of Agrarian Reform the lead implementing agency of CARP. undertakes land tenure improvement and development of program beneficiaries. conducts land survey in resettlement areas. undertakes land acquisition and distribution and land management studies. orchestrates the delivery of support services to farmer-beneficiaries andpromotes the development of viable agrarian reform communities. 24. Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.orghttp://1987-philippineconstitution.blogspot.comhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan005112.p

Powerful Symbols in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora...

Powerful Symbols in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston In 1937, upon the first publication of Their Eyes Were Watching God, the most influential black writer of his time, Richard Wright, stated that the novel carries no theme, no message, [and] no thought. Wrights powerful critique epitomized a nations attitude toward Zora Neale Hurstons second novel. African-American critics read a book that they felt satisfied the white mans stereotype of African-American culture and the humor which Caucasians saw in that prejudice. However, those critics and most of America overlooked the wonderful use of imagery, symbolism, and thematic application of one African-American females journey into womanhood and†¦show more content†¦She apparently understands and appreciates the fertilization and procreation in nature and the beauty of the process. Immediately following this episode, Janie fulfills her sexual urge by kissing Johnny Taylor over the fence. Nanny catches Janie in the act and forces Janie into womanhood by arranging her marriage to u nattractive landowner Logan Killicks. Throughout the entire novel, Janie refers to the blossoming pear tree as a symbol of her ideal relationship, and compares her husbands to the harmony she witnessed between the bees and the blossoms of the pear tree. Janie sees the vision of Logan to be à ¬desecrating the pear tree,à ® as she does not love the man at all (13). On the contrary, she finds her true love in her marriage to Tea Cake, who à ¬could be a bee to a blossom Ãâ€" Crushing aromatic herbs with every step he tookà ® (102). As the pear tree is symbolic of Janies sexual epiphany and her ideal relationship, it also coincides with her quest for her true love. Her pear blossom wilts with her marriage to Logan Killicks, but it blooms again in another cycle with Tea Cake. Moreover, the reappearance of a gate prior to a critical life change is also symbolic to Janies quest for self-identity. In general, gates tend to be associated with new steps or episodes of life, and in Their Eyes Were Watching God Hurston often has JanieShow MoreRelatedGender Roles in Their Eyes Were Watching God1087 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Gender Roles in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God During the 1900’s, women, specifically black women, were considered to be property of men in the United States, especially down south, in states such as Florida and Georgia. Legally, women had no voice. For example, if a woman was abused by her husband, the court system would not acknowledge it even if it did really happen. In the article â€Å"Sexism in the Early 1900’s†, Becca Woltemath states that â€Å"†¦a woman’s job is to take care of the houseRead MoreZora Neale Hurston A Genius of the South Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesZora Neale Hurston is a trailblazer. Back then people ridiculed her, but she felt the pride and dignity within herself. She was seen as an African-American grandmother in many images of black women writers (Showalter 221). Her talent for African-American literature excited the new readers who were constantly reading her literary works (â€Å"Hurston,† Feminist). Occasionally, both black and white supporters reviewe d her books (McKay). She demonstrates a larger pattern of white American culture to be substantiallyRead More Contrasting Native Son and Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay4128 Words   |  17 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper examines the drastic differences in literary themes and styles of Richard Wright and Zora Neale Hurston, two African--American writers from the early 1900s. The portrayals of African-American women by each author are contrasted based on specific examples from their two most prominent novels, Native Son by Wright, and Their Eyes Were Watching God by Hurston. With the intent to explain this divergence, the autobiographies of both authors (Black Boy and Dust Tracks on a Road) areRead More â€Å"Ships at a Distance†: Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God1945 Words   |  8 PagesZora Neale Hurston opens Their Eyes Were Watching God with an eloquent metaphor regarding dreams: â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board . For some they come in with the tide. For others, they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by Time (Hurston 1).† Hurston describes here how some dreams are achieved with time while others lurk out of reach until the dreamer gives up. Janie CrawfordRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Zora Neale Hurston1896 Words   |  8 Pagesdrama, and essays. Zora Neale Hurston is considered to be one of the most influential contributors to the Harlem Renaissance period. Hourston grew up in this culturally affirming setting due to her father’s mentality, despite frequent confrontations with her preacher-father, she lived a happy childhood. Her father was said to crush her â€Å"wild† spirit and later influence her views on life. Her mother, on the other hand, urged Hurston and her siblings to jump at de sun. Hurston explained, We mightRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston1078 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel, Their Eyes were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston there are many hidden symbols. The most important and strongest is the horizon, a glorious symbol portraying Janie’s dream, a lifelong search for true love and happiness. The horizon is created through Janie’s tough experiences seeking to find the future. Hurston suggests, She searched as much of the world she could and leaned over to gaze up and down the road. Looking, waiting, breathing short with impatience. Waiting for the worldRead MoreCommunication Is The Connection Of Our Society2922 Words   |  12 Pagesour society though fashion, media, etc. Symbolism and symbols are either used or somehow shaped in our everyday lives of literature. Defining symbolism; is the use of symbols to carry ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their actual sense; generally, people think symbols are just giving objects with life like meanings on a deeper level and understanding, which is true but, it’s how you give each symbol its meaning, and how it relate to your life. AccordingRead More Colorism: Creating a Racial Divide in the African American Community1920 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the mid-twentieth century African Americans were at the lowermost tier of societys hierarchy. However within th e black race, there was a further social division between lighter-skinned and darker-skinned African Americans. A black individual with more Caucasian features signified high status and beauty which was sought after by members of the African American community (Dibleck). In Zora Neale Hurstons novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the author uses Janie Crawford to depict how colorismRead More Searching for an Inner-Self in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston11392 Words   |  46 PagesSearching for an Inner-Self in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston a young girl named Janie begins her life unknown to herself. She searches for the horizon as it illustrates the distance one must travel in order to distinguish between illusion and reality, dream and truth, role and self? (Hemenway 75). She is unaware of life?s two most precious gifts: love and the truth. Janie is raised by her suppressive grandmotherRead MoreThe Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston925 Words   |  4 Pagesparticular symbol and how I believe it is to be presented throughout the narrative. In the case of Their Eyes Were Watching God, I recognized that Janie’s hair would have a significant place in the themes of the novel. Within the opening paragraphs, Janie stares at herself in a picture and her identity arises from her hair â€Å"seen it was mah dress and mah hair† Her identity then shifts to the color of her skin â€Å"Aw, aw! Ah’m colored!† (9), however the sy mbolism of her hair would be more powerful than the